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Flame Arrester is used for
preventing of flame transmission any more when an explosion
is occurred inside of the piping which is full of explosive
mixed gas. It's known as inflammability prevention equipment,
reverse flame prevention equipment from old day. It's limits
so as not to be occurred extension of damage when explosion
is occurred in chemical equipment or the progress of work.
In addition to, if safety equipment of this kind is installed
you can prevent from big calamities occasionally. Function
of Flame Arrester is to stop of flame when it's extraordinary.
It need practically not to disturb flowage of gas of piping
inside in common operation condition.
There is several methods of principle to prevent extension
of flame method by stick of water, interception of a pipe
conduit by detection of flame or scattering of inactivity
material but there's some practical problems
as easiness of usage, reliance, a response, economical efficiency.
Also, there are water seals, packed beds, velocity-type arrestion
device.
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The Flame Arrester of Model KSFI is designed
manufactured, and tested according to API 2000 & BS
7244(British Standard Specification) code.Installed in
the top nozzle of the several kinds of the flammable low
pressure storage tank(the ignition point below 65℃), it
is the explosion proof and deflagration proof which blocks
the influx of flame ignified externally into the tank.
In general it is combined with pressure and vacuum relief
valve(KSBB Model), and designed to provide a large quantity
of flow under the small pressure differences.
Designed to use for the transport line of the flammable
low pressure gas and installed in a IN-LINE SYSTEM, like
the pipe line which transfer the flammable gas to the
inclinator flame shell or the discharging line of combusted
gas to the air, it blocks the spread of ignified fire. |
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The Flame Arrester of Model KSFH is designed,
manufactured, and tested according to API 2000 & BS
7244(British Standard Specification) code.
Installed in the top nozzle of the several kinds
of the flammable low pressure storage tank (the ignition
point below 65℃), it is the explosion proof and deflagration
proof which blocks the influx of flame ignified externally
into the tank.In general it is combined with pressure
and vacuum relief valve (KSBB Model), and designed to
provide a large quantity of flow under the small pressure
differences.
Designed to use for the transport line of the flammable
low pressure gas and installed in a IN-LINE SYSTEM, like
the pipe line which transfer the flammable gas to the
inclinator flame shell or the discharging line of combusted
gas to the air, it blocks the spread of ignified fire.
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In case of an ignition of explosive mixtures
within pipelines the flame front spreads with increasing
speed towards the unburnt explosive mixtures with the
effect that the flame connects to a shock wave.
During this propagation speeds are reached which are higher
than 3 times the value of sonic speed in unburnt gas at
ambient conditions. Depending upon the marginal conditions
kind of mixture, pipe diameter, pipe length, initial pressure
and initial temperature of pipelines, which are either
closed on one end or open, the explosion can very quickly
turn into a detonation after a comparatively short starting
path. This turnover point is reached when the existion
still unburnt gases are compressed to auto-ignition temperature
and burn suddenly due to auto-ignition as a detonation,
although the proper flame front as element of ignition
has not yet
reached this area.
The range of the turnover point is called super-detonation,
In this range there are very high flame propagation
speeds, This super-detonation then leads to a steady
detonation with constant flame propagation
speeds of about 2000m/s. There are pressure shocks towards
the accelerating detonation wave the effect of which
can be compared to an average short time static stress
of more than 80bar.
The most important parameter for the development of
accelerated flames in pipelines and especially for the
change from explosions into detonations is the relation
between pipe length and pipe diameter(L/D-ratio). Pipe
bend, piping-installations, particularly throttles(partly
opened slides) etc.
act as accelerating element, These elements shorten
the necessary pipe length in order to render the development
of detonations possible. Deep investigations have shown
that the development of detonations practically is not
possible, if the L/D-ratio is less than/equal to 20;
in most unfavorable cases the flame propagation speed
amounts to about 300m/s.
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